https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12672 2 max. Each subject worked for 2 hours on a cycle ergometer at 50% of individual V0₂ max. There were thus no significant between-group differences in relative workload, but the trained subjects (groups 1, 2 and 4) worked at significantly higher absolute workload than the untrained subjects (groups 3 and 5) in order to achieve the same work level relative to their 'fitness'. Regression analysis of R on time for the different groups revealed the following: 1) at the onset of exercise females utilise a greater proportion of fat than males; 2) except in elite male athletes, training, in both sexes, tends to alter the energy substrate utilisation at the onset of exercise, in favour of greater fat metabolism; 3) during endurance exercise in all groups, the proportion of fat utilised increases significantly with time; 4) elite male athletes appear to be different in the sense that they utilise less fat at the onset of exercise than lesser trained subjects; however during endurance performance their substrate usage changes at a greater rate resulting in the utilisation of the same (or greater) proportion of fat as observed in the lesser trained subjects. It has been proposed that the capacity to utilise more fat in endurance performance may be a function of the carbohydrate sparing effects of female sex-hormones on intermediary metabolism. We have found high oestradiol levels in highly trained males (Brown, et al., 1980. Proc. Aust. Physiol. Pharmacol. Soc. 11, 131), and it is suggested that all highly trained athletes 'reset' their hormonal systems to facilitate the utilisation of fat as an energy source during endurance performance. 'Hitting the wall' in males, therefore, may be a mismatch between the induction of rapid carbohydrate utilisation at the beginning of exercise, and the facilitation of fat utilisation which may be dependent on high circulation levels of sex hormones, of which oestradial could play a highly significant role.]]> Wed 24 Jul 2013 22:23:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35668 Wed 23 Oct 2019 11:14:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24700 Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:31:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:2882 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:52:00 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26974 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:56:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30539 Wed 11 Apr 2018 09:23:58 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38655 Wed 04 May 2022 15:19:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38160 0.05), and the intervention significantly improved the ASI (all p < 0.05). A more favourable ASI score was associated with improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, QOL-mental and of energy and fatigue (all p < 0.05). The intervention effects on symptoms of depression ([AB; 95%CI] -0.31; - 0.60,-0.11), anxiety (- 0.11; - 0.27,-0.01), stress (- 0.37; - 0.65,-0.174), QOL-mental (0.53; 0.22, 1.01) and ratings of energy and fatigue (0.85; 0.33, 1.63) were mediated by ASI. At 6 months the magnitude of association was larger although the overall pattern of results remained similar. Conclusions: Improvements in the overall physical activity and sleep behaviours of adults partially mediated the intervention effects on mental health and quality of life outcomes. This highlights the potential benefit of improving the overall pattern of physical activity and sleep on these outcomes. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000680369; ACTRN12617000376347. Universal Trial number: U1111–1194-2680; U1111–1186-6588. Human Research Ethics Committee Approval: H-2016- 0267; H-2016–0181.]]> Wed 04 Aug 2021 18:44:37 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31075 Wed 01 Apr 2020 12:50:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37700 Tue 16 Mar 2021 17:51:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37736 Tue 08 Aug 2023 10:33:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34917 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:18:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45012 2 tests). Results: Preference for an intervention group prior to randomization did not significantly (all P’s > .05 using 95% confidence interval) impact step counts (differences of <600 steps/day between groups) or study participation. Conclusion: Future research should continue to address whether the strength of preferences influence study outcome and participation and whether the study preferences change over time.]]> Thu 23 Mar 2023 13:53:33 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31228 Thu 14 Apr 2022 11:01:40 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35722 Thu 07 Nov 2019 09:43:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38632 Thu 02 Dec 2021 14:27:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1449 5 kg over 5 years) were highest for women who quit smoking (odds ratio = 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 2.17, 3.96). There were also independent relationships between the odds of gaining >5 kg and lower levels of habitual physical activity, more time spent sitting, energy intake (but only in women with BMI > 25 at baseline), menopause transition, and hysterectomy. Discussion: The average weight gain equates with an energy imbalance of only about 10 kcal or 40 kJ per day, which suggests that small sustained changes in the modifiable behavioral variables could prevent further weight gain.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:28:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10696 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:09:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19905 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31054 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50096 1c 8.4 ± 1.6%) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was used to quantify arterial stiffness. Aerobic fitness (relative V̇O_2peak ) was determined via indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise testing. Central body fatness was determined using waist circumference. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regressions. After adjustment for sex and duration of T2D, each one standard deviation (SD) increase in age (8.68 years) was associated with a 0.63 m·s^-1 increase in cfPWV (β = 0.416, p = 0.001). Following adjustment for aerobic fitness and body fatness, the standardized β was unchanged (0.417). A one SD increase in waist circumference (13.9 cm) and relative V̇O_2peak (5.3 ml·kg^-1 ·min^-1 ) were associated with a similar magnitude of difference in cfPWV (0.47 m·s^-1 and -0.44 m·s^-1 , respectively). Therefore, age is a significant correlate of increased arterial stiffness in T2D, with higher aerobic fitness attenuating, and higher body fatness exacerbating, this increase. Interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D should target both increased aerobic fitness and reduced body fatness.]]> Mon 17 Jul 2023 11:57:25 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42977 Mon 04 Sep 2023 16:11:57 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47188 d = 0.48, 95% CI: -2.26, -0.33, p = 0.009) and sleep hygiene (d = 0.40, 95% CI: -3.10, -0.19, p = 0.027). Differences in MVPA were not significant (d = 0.24, 95% CI: -35.53, 254.67, p = 0.139). Changes in MVPA were mediated by self-efficacy, perceived capability, environment, social support, intentions and planning, some of which showed inconsistent mediation (suppression). None of the hypothesised psychosocial factors mediated sleep outcomes. Changes in sleep hygiene mediated changes in sleep quality. Conclusions: Several psychosocial factors mediated changes in physical activity but not in sleep outcomes. Mediation effects of sleep hygiene on sleep quality highlight the importance of providing evidence-based strategies to improve sleep quality.]]> Fri 30 Jun 2023 10:17:36 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53659 Fri 15 Dec 2023 11:06:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51525 Fri 08 Sep 2023 12:11:13 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37431 Fri 03 Dec 2021 10:32:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49825 Fri 02 Jun 2023 16:24:40 AEST ]]>